4 – AGHINOLFI CASTLE (ENG)

Although Montignoso is one of the smallest municipalities in Lunigiana, its strategic location has made it the site of significant historical events. The hill on which it stands offers a commanding view of the entire valley of the Montignoso stream, as well as a clear vantage point over the Tyrrhenian coastline, just a few kilometers away.

The first recorded mention of the castle dates back to 753 when the Lombard king Astolfo granted a plot of land in the area to his brother-in-law. The name Castello di Aghinolfo clearly reflects its Lombard origins. What is certain is that the castle was the most powerful stronghold in the valley, serving as a refuge for local populations in times of danger.

The descendants of Aghinolfo retained control of the fortress until 1376, after which it passed to the Republic of Lucca. Under Luccan rule, necessary repairs and improvements were carried out to reinforce it as a formidable outpost.

The fortification featured two prominent towers, named San Francesco and San Paolino, and spanned approximately one hectare within three fortified enclosures. The first enclosure housed 43 buildings, primarily used by Montignoso’s inhabitants during wartime or as storage facilities in peacetime. The second enclosure, accessed via a drawbridge, contained an additional 87 houses. The third and final enclosure, at the summit of the hill, was home to the main castle structure, consisting of a massive octagonal keep connected by curtain walls to a round tower. The fortress was well-equipped, featuring a large cistern for rainwater collection, a small chapel, a mill, and a secret passage leading from the tower to the exterior.

There is no record of the castle ever being conquered, but neglect and lack of maintenance led to its deterioration. The most severe damage occurred after 1799 when it was abandoned by the Republic of Lucca following the Jacobin invasion. Later, the new ruler of Lucca, Charles Louis of Bourbon, purchased the castle with plans for restoration, but his project was never realized.

In 2001, after extensive restoration efforts by the Municipality of Montignoso, the castle was finally reopened to local community and visitors. A glass floor inside the structure allows visitors to view the stratigraphy of ancient pavements and the artifacts unearthed during excavation.

In 2008, further restoration work was completed, making the Archaeological Park within the outer walls accessible to the public, offering a glimpse into the castle’s rich and storied past.